Henry Fayol, a French industrialist, summarized the practice of management with fourteen principles.

1. Division of work: A high degree of specialization should result inefficiency. Both managerial and technical works are amenable to specialization.

2. Authority and responsibility: Henry Fayol finds authority and responsibility to be related, [...]

Technical professionals are highly specialized and managing them according to traditional principles may meet with only minimal success.

Technical professionals want autonomy: They are frequently achievement-orientated people who seek motivation from their work.  Technical professionals’ desire for autonomy usually means that they want a large role in setting [...]

Flanking Strategy –

For most marketing managers, offensive and defensive are natural strategies. The leader defends, everyone else attacks. So what else is new?

Flanking. For most managers, flanking strategy may seem like a military concept with no marketing applications. Not so. Flanking is the most innovative way [...]

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

I. Conventional/ General Terms

Terms

Descriptions

AGM
Annual General Meeting of Pratibha Industries Limited

Articles / Articles of Association / AOA
Articles of Association of Pratibha Industries Limited

Companies Act / Act
The Companies Act, 1956 as amended from time to time

Depository
A Company formed and registered under [...]

INTRODUCTION

The Reliance group – one of India’s largest business houses with revenues of Rs. 990 billion ($22.6 billion) that is equal to 3.5 percent of the country’s gross domestic product was split into two.

The group – which claims to contribute nearly 10 per cent of the country’s [...]

Introduction

Businesses need to set themselves clear aims and objectives if they are going to succeed. The Kellogg Company is the world’s leading producer of breakfast cereals and convenience foods, such as cereal bars, and aims to maintain that position.

In 2006, Kellogg had total worldwide sales of almost $11 billion [...]

Introduction

In 1895 in Czechoslovakia, two keen cyclists, Vaclav Laurin and Vaclav Klement, designed and produced their own bicycle. Their business became Skoda in 1925. Skoda went on to manufacture cycles, cars, farm ploughs and airplanes in Eastern Europe. Å koda overcame hard times over the next 65 years. These included war, economic [...]

Introduction

Barclays is a major global financial services provider. It operates in over 50 countries and employs 135,000 people. In 2007, Barclays had an income of £23 billion, generating a profit before tax of just over £7 billion. In the UK, Barclays has 724,000 business customers. Many of these customers run [...]

Introduction

Ben Sherman is a globally recognised lifestyle brand. It has grown from its business beginnings in quality shirts in Brighton in 1963 and is now sold in 35 countries around the world. It has expanded into the USA, Europe, and Australasia.

In 2004, Ben Sherman was acquired by the American-based [...]

4P’s OF MARUTI SUZUKI SWIFT

Ø PRODUCT

Ø PRICE

Ø PROMOTION

Ø PLACE

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Management by Objectives

MUCH has been written about a management technique called Management by Objectives (MBO). MBO has been suggested as a management system by which to organize the sprawling bureaucracy of the federal government. Management by Objectives programs are presently being used in many corporations [...]

Definitions of Supply Chain Management:

Supply Chain Management is the management of the entire value-added chain, from the supplier to manufacturer right through to the retailer and the final customer. SCM has three primary goals: Reduce inventory, increase the [...]

INTRODUCTION

Japanese term that means continuous improvement, taken from words ‘Kai’ means continuous and ‘Zen’ means improvement.
Some translate ‘Kai’ to mean change and ‘Zen’ to mean good, or for the better.

The same japanese words Kaizen that pronounce as ‘Gai San’ in chinese means;
Gai= The action to [...]

GENESIS OF QUALITY CIRCLES

After the Second World War Japanese economy was in the doldrums. Seeing this disastrous effect of war, Americans decided to help Japan in improving the quality standards of their products. General Douglas Mac Arthur who, at that time, was the commander of the occupational forces in Japan [...]