The span of management indicates the no. of people that report to a particular manager. Hence it states that there is a limit to the no.of subordinates a manager can effectively supervise, but the exact number will depend on certain factors.

Factors That Influence Effective Span of Management are as follows:

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Henry Fayol, a French industrialist, summarized the practice of management with fourteen principles.

1. Division of work: A high degree of specialization should result inefficiency. Both managerial and technical works are amenable to specialization.

2. Authority and responsibility: Henry Fayol finds authority and responsibility to be related, [...]

Marketing 4P’s

Price:

Nirma detergent powder launched in the mid- Seventies at one-third the price of its competitor HLL’s Surf. It proved to be hugely successful. To counter Nirma, HLL brought in its own low-priced detergent powder called Wheel, which also emerged successful. Launching such low priced variants might mean diluting a premium [...]

Brands are made up of four layers – the core product or service, the basic brand, the augmented brand and the potential brand.

The core Product / Service

At the most basic level, customers buy products to meet certain functional needs. However, most products and services cannot survive [...]

Biological and Physiological needs

Food, Clothing, Shelter, Sex, Sleep, Air, Food. These are the basic requirements as we say ‘ Roti, Kapda aur Makaan’. Any person will first fulfill these needs before trying to meet any other needs.

Safety needs

Safety is not an intellectual exercise [...]

At the descriptive level, certainly, you would expect different cultures to develop different sorts of ethics and obviously they have; that doesn’t mean that you can’t think of overarching ethical principles you would want people to follow in all kinds of places.

-      Deception and Fraud

Exaggerating product price, performance claims or even [...]

-          Visualization: In a one on one interview, the administrator uses advanced interview techniques to explore the images and participant reveals hidden meanings. This is because people visualize what they want, see it and feel it

-          Projective Techniques: One Approach is ‘bubble exercise’ in which empty bubbles like [...]

Are Customer Satisfied? There are few Ways the Customer feels that they are satisfied as follow -

-  Knowledgeable and available staff : Gone are the days when a consumer was made to wait for hours meet his/her requirement. Availability of skilled staff keeping customers in mind is a key to maintain relations with [...]

Sr. No
Topic

1
What is FDI?

2
Benefits of  FDI

3
India among the world’s most attractive destinations

4
Why India is a better option?

5
Do we need foreign funds for telecom sector?

6
Telecom investment framework in India

7
Introduction to Telecom Sector

8
Communications

9
Policy

10
Demand and supply

11
Basic/fixed services

12
Cellular services

13
Internet Service Providers (ISP)

14
Vsat [...]

Content of the Project Report

Sr. No.
Topic

1
Executive Summary

2
Background of the organization

3
Objectives and Limitations of the study

4
Industry Snapshot

5
Market Share of Ice-Cream Brands

6
Introduction on Ice Cream Industry

7
Current market scenario

8
Future of Ice Cream Market in India

9
SWOT Analysis of Amul Ice Cream

10
Monitoring & Enhancing sales

11
Research Methodology

12
Findings

13
Conclusion

14
Recommendations

15
Other Findings

16
Marketing [...]

The Attachment below consist of the following points & explanation

Introduction to Fast Moving Consumer Goods
Examples of the companies – HLL, Colgate, Pamolive, Britannia, Marico.
Marketing Mix (4P’s) of Nirma
Positioning of Nirma (Internationally & Local)
SWOT Analysis of Nirma
Britannia Tiger
Hoarding for Tiger Biscuit
Marketing Mix (4P’s) for Britannia Tiger Biscuits
HLL Nihar Coconut Oil – Introduction
Marketing Mix of Nihar [...]

Overview of what is in the Powerpoint Presentation :

Retailing – An Overview
Indian Retail
The Change Factor
FDI in Indian Retailing
Why FDI?
How FDI?
Case Study on Chinese Retail
Recommendation

Powerpoint Presentation by ICICI Bank -

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1) To make Marketing Decisions: Marketing Research helps the Marketers to make a decision about the product or service. Sometimes a marketer might believe that the new product or services is useful for the customers. However, research may show that customers do not need a product or are meeting their needs with a certain [...]

Facebook is a privately owned website and social network founded in 2004 by Harvard university students Mark Zuckerberg with his fellow students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. It was operation in the limited area of Harvard in 2004 and become fully accessible in 2006. The main purpose [...]